Rear Seat Removal

How to keep the Cessna 170 flying and airworthy.

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W.J.Langholz
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Re: Rear Seat Removal

Post by W.J.Langholz »

[

We are trying to apply what we see today and today's mind set to what we have from the past and it is just not working well in some cases. We have to keep in mind how things were done in the past and interpolate. As time passes and the old timers go it's harder to remember the past and past practices. This is the case both in the pilot/owner pool as well as the FAA.[/quote]

Further thought to ponder
TIC170A membership
How many members under 50 years old?
percent of growth of membership in the last 5 years.
number of classic certified cessnas left
number of A&P's left that are willing to work on the o-300 C-145 or IA that understand it (point very well made above)

point being, without fostering and mentoring relationships on this forum and simular ones like this.....who will be around to buy that classic old bird when we have lost our medicals and become buzzard bate sitting in a wheel chair.
:D

W.
ImageMay there always be and Angel flying with you.
Loyalty above all else except honor.
1942 Stearman 450
1946 Super Champ 7AC
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GAHorn
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Re: Rear Seat Removal

Post by GAHorn »

N9149A wrote:...George, I'm trying to show how illogical your reasoning is. 4 seats is a total capacity. There will never be 5 seats. Doesn't mean there has to be 4 seats just like there doesn't have to be full tanks and 2 gallons of oil....
That does not mean that is a basis to remove unused seats any more than it would mean you can remove the left fuel tank simply because you choose not to put fuel into it, or remove the flaps simply because you chose not to use them on a particular flight.

I've said this before, but apparently I need to say it again: I'm not putting forward my personal viewpoint. I am only explaining the viewpoint of the authorities that I've visited with regarding this matter during the course of several decades of flying airplanes. Those viewpoints change with the times and with the individual inspectors who are tasked with interpreting the rules. When they get it wrong I try to get them to substantiate their position, just like you guys are all assuming ...(there's that word again).... that I should have to defend what some of you ...assume... is my personal view. (In that latter instance, you are wrong. I personally feel that removing a rear seat is a simple matter and should be dealt with simply. Alas,... it's not to be in the minds of some inspectors.)

I decided that for my own airplane, I'd gotten tired of swimming upstream and asked a friend with IA to generate a 337 for me...not so much to please the powers-that-be-in San Antonio as much as to play CYA with my insurance company. I hate paying for things that don't get delivered, and if I'd not had my medical certificate validated and my airplane's annual in effect when that airplane was sitting on the ground in Ruidoso, NM... then the insurance company would have reminded me of those requirements (which were in effect at that time....although the policy requirements have since been altered to provide coverage as long as at the beginning of the policy-period I had a valid medical.) I still had to ask them why my medical certificate was important to provide coverage to an airplane that was unattended and not inflight.... but they simply quoted the term of the policy....and indeed that's what it said.

Anyways.... in these pages I am merely trying to establish in the reader's mind the "logic" that was passed onto me by the inspectors.

Here is their premise:
1: Removing the rear seat for purposes of flight is not allowed by the pilot under the provisions of preventive maintenance because that rule specifies that the seat may only be "replaced" by the pilot.
2: Removing the seat is an alteration of the basic airplane as described by the TCDS. This is not changed by the fact that the seat is not listed in the "required equipment" list. (Neither does that list require 3 different sets of tires to accomodate all sizes listed. The "required" equipment list defines equipment that creates various configurations of the basic airplane.)
3: If a seat is removed, it will change the empty weight and CG of the aircraft, therefore the equipment list and wt/bal must be revised. (This can be computed/revised by the pilot.) The seat removal alters the aircraft configuration from the TCDS and therefore must be documented with Form 337. If it is anticipated that the configuration will frequently move back/forth, the 337 should address both configurations. (This is the biggest contention I have personally had with them because of the actual wording of the rule. Their claim was that the re-installation of the seat was authorized under preventive maintenance. I suggested that if the aircraft was altered by seat removal, then it was also altered by seat installation, and that was my point it was incorrect to require the 337, but they were unmoved by the argument. They insisted that they did not disagree that a pilot was authorized to make the removal or the installation, but that the altered configuration of the aircraft was the issue, especially since it was unknown whether the change was temporary or permanent.)

Now it seems the fellow who so adamately stood by his opinion has moved to the Southern region (ATL) and is no longer in SAT FSDO. I learned this when I placed the latest inquiry there, so whenever they return my call perhaps we can report what the present state of mind is in my region. (Maybe Harley Pickett has inherited that inspector, in which case he may be better connected to deal with him than I.) :lol:

Addendum: Well, I've just gotten off the phone with SAT FSDO. (1:45 PM 12/17/08)
Their interpretation is absolutely unchanged. The inspector went on to say that if he performed a ramp check on a 170 with a missing rear seat the equipment list and wt/bal had better reflect it, and there had better be a Form 337 in the aircraft records or he will feel obligated to take further action. He specifically asked, "Why is the rear seat not installed?" I responded, "No particular reason, but perhaps just to carry the dog." We had a little laugh over it when he asked how the dog was restrained, and I told him my dog was named "Loose-Equipment!" :lol:
He authorized me to post his name, but I won't do that. Anyone wishing to pursue this further can request that info in a PM and I will provide it.
I hope this will help conclude this matter, but somehow I doubt it. :wink:
'53 B-model N146YS SN:25713
50th Anniversary of Flight Model. Winner-Best Original 170B, 100th Anniversary of Flight Convention.
An originality nut (mostly) for the right reasons. ;)
ronjenx
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Re: Rear Seat Removal

Post by ronjenx »

It can't be settled as long as FAA folks don't agree.
Thanks for posting the answer to your question from the SAT FSDO. I asked the FSDO folks in Portland, Maine. His answer was log book entry and an updated W&B. He specifically said no 337 required.
wingnut
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Re: Rear Seat Removal

Post by wingnut »

FSDO's do contradict all the time, and probably more so on the topic "does this require a 337?"
FAR 1.1 defines Major Alteration;
"Major Alteration means an alteration not listed in the aircraft, aircraft engine, or propeller specifications-
(1)That might appreciably affect weight, balance, structural strength, performance, powerplant operation, flight characteristics, or other qualities affecting airworthiness; or
(2)That is not done according to accepted practices or cannot be done by elementary operations."


And Minor Alteration;

"Minor alteration means an alteration other than a major alteration"

Gotta love the clarity and consistency.
Del Lehmann
Mena, Arkansas
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jrenwick
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Re: Rear Seat Removal

Post by jrenwick »

I have no airframe credentials, I'm just a pilot -- but I'm wondering whether removal of the rear seat is actually an "alteration" in the sense of FAR part 43, even though it changes the weight and balance. It's a configuration change, but no part of the airframe has actually been altered. Similarly, when I swap skis for wheels on my J3, it changes the W&B, but I don't have to recalculate the W&B because I already have W&B pages for each configuration. This operation is listed as "preventive maintenance," not an alteration.

Best Regards,

John
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GAHorn
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Re: Rear Seat Removal

Post by GAHorn »

Oh dear gawwd....we keep going in this circle...
John,... the airplane left the factory with 4 seats which are specified as comprising the basic aircraft as specified in the TCDS. Although the physical removal/reinstallation (replacing) of the seats is allowed to be performed by a pilot for purposes of preventive maintenance .... removing them for purposes of flight is an alteration of the airplane's basic configuration...not a preventive maintenance action....therefore is not permitted. The airplane must not be operated without all 4 seats unless a 337 has documented the change.

This is NOT a matter of complexity of mechanics. It is an operational issue.

(As before, my repetition of this position is merely the reflection of the SAT FSDO offical stance. Other FSDO's, although maybe not all, apparently also subscribe to that opinion.)
'53 B-model N146YS SN:25713
50th Anniversary of Flight Model. Winner-Best Original 170B, 100th Anniversary of Flight Convention.
An originality nut (mostly) for the right reasons. ;)
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Showboatsix
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Re: Rear Seat Removal

Post by Showboatsix »

Here is the answer to this post.... leave the seat in or remove it, if you remove it and fly, and some FAA guy gives you crap..... act surprized and and say...... "Some SOB must have stolen it after I arrived! Boy if I get my hand on them!

In or Out... it seems not to matter....... some will fly with it in, and some will fly with it out, and neither will lose any sleep over it.

Now to stir the pot up, I can fly with thr RH door off RH seat & Rear seat out, although you freeze your A** off but, here is one for you all to ponder.

My airplane was once a Jump Airplane down in Floriduh, it has an STC in it to remove the back seat the right seat and the RH door, since I have a RH door on it now, a RH seat and a rear seat in it, and I do not see a removal of the STC to NON Jump configuration in the log books, other than a current W&B.. can I fly with the seats out or can I NOT fly with them in, what about that damn door?

How do you UNDO an STC that allows you to take those items out, if you put them back in? Log book entry and New W&B?

PS: It gets damn cold with no door, so I hope you all say I can keep it!

Damn, my head hurts now just thinking of the next 55 posts that surely are acoming.
UAO, Aurora Oregon
Hanger 26
56' C-172, With Conventional Gear Conversion
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GAHorn
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Re: Rear Seat Removal

Post by GAHorn »

Since your seats are STC'd and a 337 covers that alteration, you can fly with them out... or you can, under preventive maintenance, replace them and fly with them installed. Don't forget to log that mx action.
The door isn't a problem either way as this airplane is authorized to fly with or without the door according to FAA letter.
'53 B-model N146YS SN:25713
50th Anniversary of Flight Model. Winner-Best Original 170B, 100th Anniversary of Flight Convention.
An originality nut (mostly) for the right reasons. ;)
hilltop170
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Re: Rear Seat Removal

Post by hilltop170 »

Here's another one. I have a field approval to install removable C-206 middle seats as rear seats. The field approval doesn't say anything about actually removing the seats, it just approves installing them. I have a wt & bal for both configurations.

Has anyone ever been asked by the feds to show documentation approving removal of their rear seat?

This topic HAS to hold the record for beating a dead horse.
Richard Pulley
2014-2016 TIC170A Past President
1951 170A, N1715D, s/n 20158, O-300D
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Owned from 1973 to 1984.
Bought again in 2006 after 22 years.
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GAHorn
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Re: Rear Seat Removal

Post by GAHorn »

hilltop170 wrote:Here's another one. I have a field approval to install removable C-206 middle seats as rear seats. The field approval doesn't say anything about actually removing the seats, it just approves installing them. I have a wt & bal for both configurations.

Has anyone ever been asked by the feds to show documentation approving removal of their rear seat?

This topic HAS to hold the record for beating a dead horse.
Once again...here we go around in circles...

There is no basis of approval for a pilot to remove a seat. (According to SAT FSDO who, I suspect, actually developed that ruling specifically in the anticipation of catching Richard Pulley!) :lol:
'53 B-model N146YS SN:25713
50th Anniversary of Flight Model. Winner-Best Original 170B, 100th Anniversary of Flight Convention.
An originality nut (mostly) for the right reasons. ;)
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Bruce Fenstermacher
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Re: Rear Seat Removal

Post by Bruce Fenstermacher »

jrenwick wrote:.... Similarly, when I swap skis for wheels on my J3, it changes the W&B, but I don't have to recalculate the W&B because I already have W&B pages for each configuration. This operation is listed as "preventive maintenance," not an alteration.
Actually John the skis and rigging must be installed by and A&P once under some form of approval (STC, Field Aprroval or TCDS) and a W&B and Equipment list adjustment.

Appendix A allows a pilot to switch configuratiions thereafter.

Getting into jump configuration STCs and understanding what you can and can't do would be determined by how the STC was written and what limitations if any were in the STC. George is correct the 170 can be flown without one door for the purpose of jumping but must have a letter authorizing it from the FSDO who has juristiction of the area the plane is being flown with one door. I have such a letter from Florida, I can't fly my plane my area with one door without one also from the Allentown FSDO. I can't put my hand on the FAR or AC that spelled this out so that is the best I remember it.

George, one question I have is why or what is the reasoning of the 170 being approved as a 2PCLM airplane. In my mind that covers it while the back seat is removed. BTW the Piper Cherokee is both 4PCLM and 2PCLM and they came from the factory with or without back seats. If your plane came without they could be added. This was a move on Piper's part to lower the price and create a 2PCLM Piper to compete in the training market.
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jrenwick
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Re: Rear Seat Removal

Post by jrenwick »

N9149A wrote:
jrenwick wrote:.... Similarly, when I swap skis for wheels on my J3, it changes the W&B, but I don't have to recalculate the W&B because I already have W&B pages for each configuration. This operation is listed as "preventive maintenance," not an alteration.
Actually John the skis and rigging must be installed by and A&P once under some form of approval (STC, Field Aprroval or TCDS) and a W&B and Equipment list adjustment.
Thanks, Bruce. Yes, that's my situation. An A&P signed off the original ski installation, based on the TCDS, and created a W&B for that configuration. I'm just doing the subsequent swaps on my own.

John
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GAHorn
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Re: Rear Seat Removal

Post by GAHorn »

I believe the PCLM (with the 4 or 2 in front of it) is certification-speak that the airframe is certificated for a maximum of either 4 or 2 persons ... to provide for both categories (Standard/Utility). This is not pertinent to alterations of seating capacity in the field. (It is a notation/designation that is affected by certification requirements, such as emergency egress, placarding, etc. It's not an authorization for a pilot to make seating changes.)
'53 B-model N146YS SN:25713
50th Anniversary of Flight Model. Winner-Best Original 170B, 100th Anniversary of Flight Convention.
An originality nut (mostly) for the right reasons. ;)
wingnut
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Re: Rear Seat Removal

Post by wingnut »

My local FSDO (actually ONE person at this FSDO office) agrees with George. I copy and paste his reply here, and then I'll comment.

LIT FSDO reply:
"If the aircraft is operated FAR 91 the owner/operator is
allowed by FAR 43.3 (g) to perform preventative maintenance.
FAR 43 Appendix A (c)(15) "replacing seats". It allows for one seat
to be replaced with another. [Webster New World Dictionary of American
English]- [replacing: to provide a substitute or equitant for]. If the
FAA flight manual allows the pilot to change seating configuration by
removing seats that would be permissiable via the flight manual. The
preventative maintenance referred to above does not allow for the change
of configuration then operate the aircraft in the new configuration. It
allows one seat to be replaced with another, (seat swapping-replacing).

A FAR 91 pilot/owner who removes seats (change in configuration) dose so
contrary to the FARs.43.7 and others.
Any change to the empty weight by the removal of seats is defined in 43.
Appendix A (a) (xi) is a major alteration.
The FARs is clear and the highest order pertaining to this subject"

Well, my comment is this; "clear in the highest order" my a**. In describing the types of alterations that would be defined as major, Appendix A(a)(xi) says:
"Changes to the empty weight or empty balance which result in an increase in the maximum certificated weight or center of gravity limits of the aircraft"

This definition contrast greatly with the LIT FSDO's opinion that "Any change to the empty weight...."

I want some real answers, real regulatory information, not FSDO departmental policies or opinions. :?
Del Lehmann
Mena, Arkansas
voorheesh
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Re: Rear Seat Removal

Post by voorheesh »

If it is important to you, ask for the LIT FSDO airworthiness unit supervisor and see if he/she can explain the diference between the inspector's interpretation of Appendix A and the actual language in Appendix A. If the supervisor doesn't give you a satisfactory answer, then respectfully ask for a review by the FAA Southwest Region Technical Standards Branch and then FAA headquarters. Another thing you can do is to write to the Office of the General Counsel of the FAA at headquarters in D.C. and request a legal opinion. In about six months you will receive a reply that will be the FAA's current enforcement position relating only to the specific circumstances in your letter. This is telling you what the legal dept of the FAA will enforce. It does not have the weight of a legal opinion by the NTSB because the FAA could try and enforce it only to be turned down by the NTSB process. This legal opinion will be posted and available for other airmen. Again, this is only if you care enough about this to actually spend time. For whatever it is worth, a FSDO here in CA states that removal of a seat from a Cessna 170 is preventative Mx and is not a major alteration. Documentation can be in the airframe logbook and return to service can be accomplished by a private pilot/owner/operator. They also say you can get an IA to document the same on a 337 and mail it in to OKC, if that makes you feel better. PM me if you want more info.
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